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Northern Low Saxon (in Low German, ''Noordneddersassisch'') is a West Low German dialect. As such, it covers a great part of the West Low-German-speaking areas of northern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where Eastphalian and Westphalian are spoken. However, Northern Low Saxon is easily understood by speakers of these dialects. Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinisch, Schleswigsch, East Frisian Low Saxon, Dithmarsch, North Hanoveranian, Emsländisch, and Oldenburgisch.〔Noble, Cecil A. M. (1983). ''Modern German dialects'' New York (al. ), Lang, p. 103-104〕 Holsteinisch is spoken in Holstein, the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, in Dithmarschen, around Neumünster, Rendsburg, Kiel and Lübeck. The local variant of Lübeck ("Lübsch") was a lingua franca for the Hanseatic league in the Middle Ages. Schleswigsch ((:ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ)) is spoken in Schleswig, in Germany and Denmark. It is mainly is based on an South Jutlandic substrate. Therefore it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig and some islands show some North Frisian influences. Oldenburg dialect (Low Saxon ''Ollnborger Platt'', High German ''Oldenburger Platt'') is spoken around the city of Oldenburg. It is limited to Germany. Its difference to East Frisian Low Saxon, which is spoken in the Frisian parts of Low Saxony, is the lack of a Frisian substrate. Ollnborger Platt is in the city of Bremen as Breemsch (''Bremian''), which is the only capital where Ollnborger Platt is spoken. The Westphalian town or city of Minden possibly partly belongs to the area, where Ollnborger Platt is spoken traditionally. See also East Frisian Low Saxon. ==Characteristics== The most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle. It is formed without a prefix, as in English, Danish, Swedish, Norse and Frisian, but unlike standard German, Dutch and some dialects of Westphalian and Eastphalian Low Saxon: *''gahn'' (to go): ''Ik bün'' ''gahn'' (I have gone/I went) *''seilen'' (to sail): ''He hett'' ''seilt'' (He (has) sailed) *''kopen'' (to buy): ''Wi harrn'' ''köfft'' (We had bought) *''kamen'' (to come): ''Ji sünd'' ''kamen'' (You (all) have come/You came) *''eten'' (to eat): ''Se hebbt'' ''eten'' (They have eaten/They ate) The diminutive (''-je'') (Dutch and Eastern Frisian ''-tje'', Eastphalian ''-ke'', High German ''-chen'', Alemannic ''-le'', ''li'') is hardly used. Some examples are ''Buscherumpje'', a fisherman's shirt, or ''lüttje'', a diminutive of ''lütt'', little. Instead the adjective ''lütt'' is used, e.g. ''dat lütte Huus'', ''de lütte Deern'', ''de lütte Jung''. There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary, too, but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects, e.g.: *Personal pronouns: ''ik'' (like Dutch ik), ''du'' (like German Du), ''he'' (like English he), ''se'' , ''dat'' (Dutch dat), ''wi'' , ''ji'' (similar to English ye, Dutch jij), ''se'' . *Interrogatives (English/High German): ''wo'' , ''woans'' (how/''wie''), ''wo laat'' (how late/''wie spät''), ''wokeen'' (who/''wer''), ''woneem'' (where/''wo''), ''wokeen sien'' / ''wen sien'' (whose/''wessen'') *Adverbs (English/High German): ''laat'' (late/''spät''), ''gau'' (fast/''schnell''), ''suutje'' (slowly, carefully/''langsam'', ''vorsichtig'', from Dutch ''zoetjes'' ‘nice and easy’, adverbial diminutive of ''zoet'' ‘sweet’), ''vigeliensch'' (difficult, tricky/''schwierig'') *Prepositions (English/High German): ''bi'' (by, at/''bei''), ''achter'' (behind/''hinter''), ''vör'' (before, in front of/''vor''), ''blangen'' (beside, next to, alongside/''neben''), ''twüschen'' (betwixt, between/''zwischen''), ''mang'', ''mank'' (among/''unter'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northern Low Saxon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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